IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 57, Number 2, Feb 2010 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

	Special Section on the 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE-PEMC 2008)
57.2.1	M. P. Kazmierkowski, I. Nagy, K. Zawirski, "Guest Editor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 466-467, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available. Special Section Papers
57.2.2	S. Nishikata, F. Tatsuta, "A New Interconnecting Method for Wind Turbine/Generators in a Wind Farm and Basic Performances of the Integrated Sys," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 468-475, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new interconnecting method for a cluster of wind turbine/generators is proposed, and some examples of the basic characteristics of the integrated system are shown. This method can be achieved with a wind turbine generating system using a shaft generator system. A group of wind turbine/generators can be interconnected easily with the proposed method, and high reliability and electric output power with high quality are also expected. Moreover, since this method enables transmission of the generated power through a long-distance dc transmission line, the optimum site for wind turbines can be selected so as to acquire the maximum wind energy.
57.2.3	M. Molinas, J. A. Suul, T. Undeland, "Extending the Life of Gear Box in Wind Generators by Smoothing Transient Torque With STAT," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 476-484, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Gearboxes for wind turbines must ensure high reliability over a period of 20 years, withstanding cumulative and transient loads. One main challenge to this is represented by electromagnetic torque transients caused by grid faults and disturbances, which will result in significant stresses and fatigue of the gearbox. Possibilities for limiting the torque transients in fixed-speed wind generators have not been previously reported. This paper presents a technique by which the transient torques during recovery after a grid fault can be smoothed in a wind farm with induction generators directly connected to the grid. A model-based control technique using the quasi-stationary equivalent circuit of the system is suggested for controlling the torque with a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The basis of the approach consists of controlling the induction generator terminal voltage by the injection/absorption of reactive current using the STATCOM. By controlling the terminal voltage as a function of the generator speed during the recovery process, the electromagnetic torque of the generator is indirectly controlled, in order to reduce the drive train mechanical stresses caused by the characteristics of the induction machine when decelerating through the maximum torque region. The control concept is shown by time-domain simulations, where the smoothing effect of the proposed technique on a wind turbine is seen during the recovery after a three-phase-to-ground-fault condition. The influence of the shaft stiffness in a multimass drive train model is discussed, and the performance of the control concept in the case of parallel connection of several turbines is investigated to discuss the applicability in a wind farm.
57.2.4	R. Takahashi, H. Kinoshita, T. Murata, J. Tamura, M. Sugimasa, A. Komura, M. Futami, M. Ichinose, K. Ide, "Output Power Smoothing and Hydrogen Production by Using Variable Speed Wind Generat," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 485-493, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a combination system of wind energy conversion and hydrogen production. Hydrogen is expected as an alternative energy source in the future, and this is the best way to produce it from renewable energy like wind energy. On the other hand, the output of a wind generator, in general, fluctuates greatly due to wind speed variations, and thus the output fluctuations can have a serious influence on the power system operation. In the proposed system, a variable speed wind generator is adopted, and an electrolyzer is installed in parallel with it for hydrogen production. Output power from the wind generator is smoothed and supplied to the power system as well as to the electrolyzer based on the cooperative control method. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by simulation analyses, in which simulations are performed by using PSCAD/EMTDC.
57.2.5	S.-K. Kim, J.-H. Jeon, J.-B. Ahn, B. Lee, S.-H. Kwon, "Frequency-Shift Acceleration Control for Anti-Islanding of a Distributed-Generation Inver," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 494-504, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes frequency-shift acceleration control for anti-islanding of an inverter-based distributed generator. The proposed control is based on frequency positive feedback in the synchronous $dq$ frame. Overall, the scheme of the proposed control is described. The design methodology of the frequency-shift acceleration gain is presented based on small-signal stability and step input response. The proposed control is intended for zero nondetection zone, noncompromised power quality, and easy implementation without additional devices required. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed anti-islanding scheme and the gain design approach are effective and useful in real applications.
57.2.6	M. Nymand, M. A. E. Andersen, "High-Efficiency Isolated Boost DC–DC Converter for High-Power Low-Voltage Fuel-Cell Applicati," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 505-514, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new design approach achieving very high conversion efficiency in low-voltage high-power isolated boost dc–dc converters is presented. The transformer eddy-current and proximity effects are analyzed, demonstrating that an extensive interleaving of primary and secondary windings is needed to avoid high winding losses. The analysis of transformer leakage inductance reveals that extremely low leakage inductance can be achieved, allowing stored energy to be dissipated. Power MOSFETs fully rated for repetitive avalanches allow primary-side voltage clamp circuits to be eliminated. The oversizing of the primary-switch voltage rating can thus be avoided, significantly reducing switch-conduction losses. Finally, silicon carbide rectifying diodes allow fast diode turn-off, further reducing losses. Detailed test results from a 1.5-kW full-bridge boost dc–dc converter verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate very high conversion efficiency. The efficiency at minimum input voltage and maximum power is 96.8%. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter is 98%.
57.2.7	S.-H. Park, G.-R. Cha, Y.-C. Jung, C.-Y. Won, "Design and Application for PV Generation System Using a Soft-Switching Boost Converter With S," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 515-522, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of energy conversion for a photovoltaic (PV) system, a soft-switching boost converter using a simple auxiliary resonant circuit, which is composed of an auxiliary switch, a diode, a resonant inductor, and a resonant capacitor, is adopted in this paper. The conventional boost converter decreases the efficiency because of hard switching, which generates losses when the switches are turned on/off. During this interval, all switches in the adopted circuit perform zero-current switching by the resonant inductor at turn-on, and zero-voltage switching by the resonant capacitor at turn-off. This switching pattern can reduce the switching losses, voltage and current stress of the switching device. Moreover, it is very easy to control. In this paper, we have analyzed the operational principles of the adopted soft-switching boost converter, and it is designed for PV generation system. Simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis.
57.2.8	C. Heising, R. Bartelt, M. Oettmeier, V. Staudt, A. Steimel, "Analysis of Single-Phase 50-kW 16.7-Hz PI-Controlled Four-Quadrant Line-Side Converter Under Different Grid Characterist," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 523-531, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Four-quadrant line-side converters supplying pulsewidth-modulation (PWM)-inverter-fed induction machines are a standard application in ac railway traction vehicles. In the scope of an extensive project aiming at an advanced overall control scheme for traction vehicles taking, among others, grid interaction and stability into account, the steady-state and transient operations of a single-phase 50-kW 16.7-Hz four-quadrant line-side converter is analyzed in detail. The converter is fed either by an inverter or via a slip-ring induction generator with dc excitation, operating as railway-grid rotary-converter representation. In this paper, the structure of the 50-kW test bench, representing a railway grid and a traction vehicle, the applied simulation concept, and the personal-computer-based real-time control hardware used are introduced. Measurement results for sinusoidal as well as highly disturbed line voltage verify the proper operation of the line-side converter, whose proportional–integral control scheme is described in detail. Two different loads are used: switched resistor and motor PWM inverter.
57.2.9	Z. Li, Y. Li, P. Wang, H. Zhu, C. Liu, F. Gao, "Single-Loop Digital Control of High-Power 400-Hz Ground Power Unit for Airpla," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 532-543, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, the influence of one-sample delay for sampling and computation in digital control on the bandwidth of the inner current loop of a 400-Hz ground power unit (GPU) is analyzed first. The results show that it is difficult and even impossible for high-power 400-Hz GPUs to maintain low total harmonic distortion content in the output voltage with the conventional proportional�Cintegral-based double-loop control. To improve the performance, resonant controllers with parallel structure which are widely used in active power filters are applied to the single-loop control of the 400-Hz GPU. The parameter design criterion for the parallel resonant controllers is discussed in the discrete time domain. Meanwhile, adoption of proportional gain in the single-loop control is investigated. The results show that it can improve the performance little and may cause instability problems. Comparisons between different control methods for the 400-Hz GPU are also made, and the single-loop control method in this paper seems to be the most suitable one in terms of simplicity and performance. Experiments on a 16-b fixed-point DSP-controlled 90-kVA 400-Hz GPU prototype show satisfactory results of the single-loop method feeding linear/nonlinear and balanced/unbalanced loads.
57.2.10	R. Muszynski, J. Deskur, "Damping of Torsional Vibrations in High-Dynamic Industrial Dri," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 544-552, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Theoretical, design, and experimental aspects of the control of the drive with an elastic coupling are considered in this paper. Control structures suitable for application in industrial high-dynamic drives are developed. In such drives, the first resonance frequency can be higher than a hundred hertz, and the next frequency can be a thousand hertz or higher. The solution is oriented to industrial plants, whose computation ability is lower and signal delay is greater than in laboratory plants based on DSP. The authors discuss the problem and show methods of suppressing torsion vibrations in speed-control systems with only one sensor, i.e., a motor position encoder. The presented solution is based on an adequately designed PID controller.
57.2.11	T. Orlowska-Kowalska, M. Dybkowski, K. Szabat, "Adaptive Sliding-Mode Neuro-Fuzzy Control of the Two-Mass Induction Motor Drive Without Mechanical Sens," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 553-564, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, the concept of a model reference adaptive control of a sensorless induction motor (IM) drive with elastic joint is proposed. An adaptive speed controller uses fuzzy neural network equipped with an additional option for online tuning of its chosen parameters. A sliding-mode neuro-fuzzy controller is used as the speed controller, whose connective weights are trained online according to the error between the estimated motor speed and the speed given by the reference model. The speed of the vector-controlled IM is estimated using the $hbox{MRAS}^{rm CC}$ rotor speed and a flux estimator. Such a control structure is proposed to damp torsional vibrations in a two-mass system in an effective way. It is shown that torsional oscillations can be successfully suppressed in the proposed control structure, using only one basic feedback from the motor speed given by the proposed speed estimator. Simulation results are verified by experimental tests over a wide range of motor speed and drive parameter changes.
57.2.12	J. Guzinski, H. Abu-Rub, M. Diguet, Z. Krzeminski, A. Lewicki, "Speed and Load Torque Observer Application in High-Speed Train Electric Dr," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 565-574, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents an application of induction motor mechanical speed and load torque observers in high-speed train drives. The observers are applied for a 1.2-MW electric drive with an induction motor. The goal of using such observers is to utilize computed variables for diagnostic purposes of speed sensors and torque transmission system. The concept of diagnostic system is presented in this paper, and proper criteria are proposed. The suggested system is designed to work without a speed sensor in the case of existing sensor faults. Monitored motor load torque is used to limit the maximum motor torque in the case of existing problems in the gearbox. The results of simulation and experimental investigations for a 1.2-MW induction motor drive are presented.
57.2.13	L. de Lillo, L. Empringham, P. W. Wheeler, S. Khwan-On, C. Gerada, M. N. Othman, X. Huang, "Multiphase Power Converter Drive for Fault-Tolerant Machine Development in Aerospace Applicati," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 575-583, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes an experimental tool to evaluate and support the development of fault-tolerant machines designed for aerospace motor drives. Aerospace applications involve essentially safety-critical systems which should be able to overcome hardware or software faults and therefore need to be fault tolerant. A way of achieving this is to introduce variable degrees of redundancy into the system by duplicating one or all of the operations within the system itself. Looking at motor drives, multiphase machines, such as multiphase brushless dc machines, are considered to be good candidates in the design of fault-tolerant aerospace motor drives. This paper introduces a multiphase two-level inverter using a flexible and reliable field-programmable gate-array/digital-signal-processor controller for data acquisition, motor control, and fault monitoring to study the fault tolerance of such systems. Special Section on Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
57.2.14	S. S. Williamson, C. Zhu, W. Cai, "Guest Editor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 584-586, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available Special Section Papers ��
57.2.15	M. B. Camara, H. Gualous, F. Gustin, A. Berthon, B. Dakyo, "DC/DC Converter Design for Supercapacitor and Battery Power Management in Hybrid Vehicle Applications—Polynomial Control Strat," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 587-597, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents supercapacitor (SCAP) and battery modeling with an original energy management strategy in a hybrid storage technology. The studied dc power supply is composed of SCAPs and batteries. SCAPs are dimensioned for peak power requirement, and batteries provide the power in steady state. A bidirectional dc/dc converter is used between SCAPs and the dc bus. Batteries are directly connected to the dc bus. The originality of this study is focused on SCAP behavior modeling and energy management strategy. The proposed strategy is based on a polynomial (RST) controller. For reasons of cost and existing components (not optimized) such as batteries and semiconductors, the experimental test benches are designed in reduced scale. The characterized packs of SCAPs include two modules of ten cells in series for each one and present a maximum voltage of 27 V. The proposed strategy is implemented on a PIC18F4431 microcontroller for two dc/dc converter topology controls. Experimental and simulation results obtained from the polynomial control strategy are presented, analyzed, and compared with that of classical proportional�Cintegral control.
57.2.16	F. L. Mapelli, D. Tarsitano, M. Mauri, "Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Modeling, Prototype Realization, and Inverter Losses Reduction Analy," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 598-607, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Nowadays, the greatest part of the effort to reduce pollution emissions is directed toward the hybridization of automotive drive trains. In particular, the design of hybrid vehicles requires a complete system analysis, including the optimization of the electric and electronic devices installed on the vehicle and the design of all the mechanical connections between the different power sources to reach the required performances. The aim of this paper is to describe the design and prototype realization of a plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV). Specifically, an energetic model was developed in order to analyze and optimize the power flux between the different parts. This model was experimentally validated using a prototype PHEV. In addition, in order to improve the driving range in an all-electric model (all-electric range), a detailed analysis of the inverter control was performed, because this component is one of the key components of the power train. In order to reduce inverter losses and dimensions, several control methods can be adopted. In this paper, a direct self-control strategy for reducing the inverter losses is presented and validated.
57.2.17	Z. Amjadi, S. S. Williamson, "Power-Electronics-Based Solutions for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage and Management Syst," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 608-616, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Batteries, ultracapacitors (UCs), and fuel cells are widely being proposed for electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) as an electric power source or an energy storage unit. In general, the design of an intelligent control strategy for coordinated power distribution is a critical issue for UC-supported PHEV power systems. Implementation of several control methods has been presented in the past, with the goal of improving battery life and overall vehicle efficiency. It is clear that the control objectives vary with respect to vehicle velocity, power demand, and state of charge of both the batteries and UCs. Hence, an optimal control strategy design is the most critical aspect of an all-electric/plug-in hybrid electric vehicle operational characteristic. Although much effort has been made to improve the life of PHEV energy storage systems (ESSs), including research on energy storage device chemistries, this paper, on the contrary, highlights the fact that the fundamental problem lies within the design of power-electronics-based energy-management converters and the development of smarter control algorithms. This paper initially discusses battery and UC characteristics and then goes on to provide a detailed comparison of various proposed control strategies and proposes the use of precise power electronic converter topologies. Finally, this paper summarizes the benefits of the various techniques and suggests the most viable solutions for on-board power management, more specific to PHEVs with multiple/hybrid ESSs.
57.2.18	K. Gummi, M. Ferdowsi, "Double-Input DC–DC Power Electronic Converters for Electric-Drive Vehicles—Topology Exploration and Synthesis Using a Single-Pole Triple-Throw Swi," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 617-623, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Hybridizing energy systems using storage devices has gained popularity in transportation and distributed electric power generation applications. Traditionally, several independent power electronic converters (PECs) were utilized in such practices. Due to their reduced part count, double-input (DI) PECs prove to be a promising choice in hybridizing energy systems. A few topologies for multi-input converters have been reported in the literature; however, there is no systematic approach to synthesize them. Furthermore, all possible topologies are not completely explored, and it is difficult to derive new converters from existing topologies. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic approach to derive DI converters by using a single-pole triple-throw switch as a building block is presented.
57.2.19	E. Manla, A. Nasiri, C. H. Rentel, M. Hughes, "Modeling of Zinc Bromide Energy Storage for Vehicular Applicati," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 624-632, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Energy storage devices such as lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydrate batteries and ultracapacitors have been considered for utilization in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and HEVs to improve efficiency and performance and reduce gas mileage. In this paper, we analyze and model an advanced energy storage device, namely, zinc bromide, for vehicular applications. This system has high energy and power density, high efficiency, and long life. A series of tests has been conducted on the storage to create an electrical model of the system. The modeling results show that the open-circuit voltage of the battery is a direct function of the battery's state of charge (SOC). In addition, the battery internal resistance is also a function of SOC at constant temperature. A Kalman filtering technique is also designed to adjust the estimated SOC according to battery current.
57.2.20	Y. Gao, M. Ehsani, "Design and Control Methodology of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehic," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 633-640, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper systematically discusses the design and control methodologies of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Design methodology is focused on battery energy and power capacity design. Two kinds of typical batteries, namely, NiMH and Li-ion, are discussed. Control strategies focus on all electric range and charge depletion range operations. In addition, a constrained engine on and off control strategy is discussed for charge-sustained operation. Simulation has been performed for an example passenger car. The simulation results indicate that a significant amount of fuel can be displaced by electric energy in typical urban driving.
57.2.21	M. Van Wieringen, R. Pop-Iliev, "Development of a Dual-Fuel Power Generation System for an Extended Range Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehi," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 641-648, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a growing global concern with regard to vehicle-generated greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting air pollution. In response, automotive original equipment manufacturers focus their efforts on developing “greener” propulsion solutions in order to meet the societal demand and ecological need for clean transportation. Hydrogen is an ideal vehicle fuel for use not only in fuel cells (FCs) but also in a spark-ignition internal combustion engines (ICEs). The combustion of hydrogen $( hbox{H}_{2})$ fuel offers vastly superior tail-pipe emissions when compared with gasoline and can offer improved performance. $hbox{H}_{2}$ is ideally suited for use in an extended range plug-in hybrid electric vehicle architecture where engine efficiency can be optimized for a single engine speed. $hbox{H}_{2}$ ICEs are significantly more cost effective then an equivalent-sized $hbox{H}_{2}$ FC making them a better near-term solution. Before hydrogen can replace gasoline and diesel as the main source of automotive fuel, a number of hurdles must first be overcome. One such hurdle includes developing a suitable hydrogen infrastructure, which could take decades. As such, dual-fuel capabilities will help to create a transition between gasoline- and hydrogen-powered vehicles in the near term, while a full-service hydrogen infrastructure is developed.
57.2.22	P. C. Desai, M. Krishnamurthy, N. Schofield, A. Emadi, "Novel Switched Reluctance Machine Configuration With Higher Number of Rotor Poles Than Stator Poles: Concept to Implementat," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 649-659, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: There is a great demand for efficient, quiet, reliable, and cost-effective motor drives for propulsion systems in hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Owing to a rigid structure and the absence of magnetic source on the rotor, a switched reluctance machine (SRM) is inherently robust and cost effective. In spite of these advantages, several challenges in the control of this machine remain an issue, including high levels of torque ripple, acoustic noise, and a relatively low torque density. This paper presents a new family of SRMs which have higher number of rotor poles than stator poles. Using a newly defined pole design formula, several novel combinations of the stator–rotor poles have been proposed. From the simulation and experimental analysis of a prototype 6/10 configuration, it has been observed that this machine produces higher torque per unit volume and comparable torque ripple when compared to a conventional 6/4 SRM with similar number of phases and constraints in volume. The results presented in this paper make this family of machines a strong contender for survivable high-performance applications for automotive propulsion systems. The simulation and experimental results for the prototype 6/10 configuration have been presented and compared to a conventional 6/4 design for verification.
57.2.23	W. Li, J. Cao, X. Zhang, "Electrothermal Analysis of Induction Motor With Compound Cage Rotor Used for P," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 660-668, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new kind of induction motor with compound cage rotor (IMCCR) is proposed in this paper, in which rotor bars are composed of upper parts made of alloy (conductor for electric and magnetic) and lower parts made of cast aluminum. Calculation models for IMCCR electromagnetic field and whole region (including stator and rotor) temperature field analyses are established. From a motor electromagnetic analysis using the finite-element method, loss distributions are obtained, which are taken as the heat source in thermal analysis. In this paper, the starting and thermal performances of IMCCR operating under rated load are studied. From the comparison of the obtained results with test data, it can be seen that IMCCR would be a better choice for the driving system in electrical vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs). Furthermore, the influences of compound bar material on motor temperature distribution are analyzed, which would be helpful for the research on electrical materials used in machines. Considering the working conditions of motor used in PHEV and EV, the effects of ambient temperature and output load on motor thermal performance also have been studied.
57.2.24	N. P. Shah, A. D. Hirzel, B. Cho, "Transmissionless Selectively Aligned Surface-Permanent-Magnet BLDC Motor in Hybrid Electric Vehic," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 669-677, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An axial-flux permanent-magnet brushless motor is designed with variable stator alignment of independent stators, thus allowing field weakening via a controllable and variable generated-voltage constant. This feature is particularly valuable in vehicle traction motors with large constant-power speed ratio, where there is also a strong desire to eliminate the need for gear changes and keep the overall size of the motor drive as small as possible. The advantage of high pole count as applied to this technique is discussed, and the simulation impact on motor drive kilovoltampere, efficiency, gradability, acceleration, and maximum speed over typical driving cycles is shown.
57.2.25	J.-L. Kuo, K.-L. Chao, L.-S. Lee, "Dual Mechatronic MPPT Controllers With PN and OPSO Control Algorithms for the Rotatable Solar Panel in PHEV Sys," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 678-689, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper aims at increasing the efficiency of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) by using rotatable solar panel. Conventionally, the PHEV with solar panel has a critical problem of putting on the roof of a PHEV. Since the limited space on the roof of the vehicle is not large enough, rotatable structure is considered to track the sunlight by mechanical petri-net (PN)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. A stepping motor is used to control the rotating angle of the rotating solar panel. In addition, the electric MPPT with orthogonal particle swarm optimization (OPSO) method is also included. With the dual mechatronic MPPT with PN $+$OPSO control algorithms, the maximum power in a limited roof space of the vehicle is possible. The solar panel has not to be very large. This will increase the efficiency of the PHEV. It is convinced that the proposed dual mechatronic PN$+$ OPSO MPPT controllers are helpful to the PHEV system.
57.2.26	A. Hajimiragha, C. A. Canizares, M. W. Fowler, A. Elkamel, "Optimal Transition to Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Ontario, Canada, Considering the Electricity-Grid Limitati," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 690-701, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper analyzes the feasibility of optimally utilizing Ontario's grid potential for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) during off-peak periods. Based on a simplified zonal model of Ontario's electricity-transmission network and a zonal pattern of base-load generation capacity from 2009 to 2025, an optimization model is developed to find the optimal, as well as maximum, penetrations of PHEVs into Ontario's transport sector. The results of this paper demonstrate that the present and projected electricity grid in Ontario can be optimally exploited for charging almost 6% of the total vehicles in Ontario or 12.5% of the vehicles in Toronto's transport sector by 2025; this corresponds to approximately 500 000 PHEVs that can be charged from the grid without any additional transmission or power-generation investments beyond those currently planned. PAPERS *Multiphase Systems*
57.2.27	C.-H. Liu, Y.-Y. Hsu, "Design of a Self-Tuning PI Controller for a STATCOM Using Particle Swarm Optimizat," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 702-715, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A self-tuning proportional-integral (PI) controller in which the controller gains are adapted using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is proposed for a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). An efficient formula for the estimation of system load impedance using real-time measurements is derived. Based on the estimated system load, a PSO algorithm, which takes the best particle gains, the best global gains, and previous change of gains into account, is employed to reach the desired controller gains. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PSO self-tuning PI controller for a STATCOM, experimental results for a system under different loading conditions are presented. Results from the self-tuning PI controller are compared with those from the fixed-gain PI controllers. *Machines and Drives*
57.2.28	J.-I. Ha, "Current Prediction in Vector-Controlled PWM Inverters Using Single DC-Link Current Sen," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 716-726, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a technique for predicting phase currents in vector-controlled pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) inverters using single dc-link current sensor. There is a limitation for current measurements in the inverters. The measurements are executed in the effective voltages, not in the zero voltage. The current measured in the dc-link and then reconstructed to the phase value is used as a feedback value for controlling an ac machine. Here, there is a difference between the reconstructed current and measured currents at the top or bottom of PWM carrier such as in the conventional inverters. It changes according to the reference voltages, load conditions, noises, and disturbances. Next, it can cause deterioration of the performance of current control by increasing ripples in currents and torque. This paper analyzes the difference in the drives of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and proposes a method for reducing it. The proposed method predicts the currents measured at the fixed sampling points from those measured in the dc-link and the PWM patterns of voltage outputs. It can reduce current ripples and the experimental results verify it. It is applicable to the vapor compression refrigeration process with the low-cost and high-performance feature.
57.2.29	A. Kuperman, Y. Horen, S. Tapuchi, "A Differential State-Space Approach to Simultaneous Emulation of Uncertainties and Disturbances in Voltage-Controlled Brushless Mot," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 727-734, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A method that allows emulation of parameter uncertainties and external disturbances without any mechanical and electrical parts supplementary to the electric drive is proposed. The emulating signal reflecting the desired changes is created in software and added to the nominal controller output, forcing the unperturbed motor output to resemble the output of a motor with actual uncertainties and disturbances. The proposed method allows simultaneous emulation of any combination of parameter variations and unpredicted disturbances. The method can be related to a class of advanced hardware-in-the-loop simulations, where the nominal hardware is present in the test bed in addition to the controller. The technique can be used to thoroughly test the performance of advanced control algorithms before mass production or for didactic purposes in an educational laboratory using motion control kits found on the market. Simulation and experimental results are reported to prove the feasibility of the proposed approach. *Single-Phase Electronics*
57.2.30	H.-J. Chiu, Y.-K. Lo, J.-T. Chen, S.-J. Cheng, C.-Y. Lin, S.-C. Mou, "A High-Efficiency Dimmable LED Driver for Low-Power Lighting Applicati," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 735-743, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) driver with adaptive feedback control for low-power lighting applications. An improved pulsewidth modulation dimming technique is studied for regulating the LED current and brightness. Under universal input voltage operation, high efficiency and high power factor can be achieved by a coupled inductor single-ended primary inductance converter power factor correction (PFC) converter with a simple commercial transition-mode PFC controller. The operation principles and design considerations of the studied LED driver are analyzed and discussed. A laboratory prototype is also designed and tested to verify the feasibility.
57.2.31	N. A. Keeling, G. A. Covic, J. T. Boys, "A Unity-Power-Factor IPT Pickup for High-Power Applicati," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 744-751, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes the design of a new unity-power-factor inductive-power-transfer (IPT) pickup using an $LCL$ tuned network for application in high-power systems. This new topology has the potential to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of high-power pickups by minimizing the reactive currents in the pickup coil and the reflected VAR loading on the power supply. In a practical system, the rectifier and associated processing circuitry distorts the current waveforms, adding an effective inductive loading to the pickup circuit. A series compensation capacitor is added to correct this loading. A design strategy is developed for the new topology, and two example circuits are constructed and compared experimentally with a traditional parallel-tuned $(LC)$ pickup operating on a monorail-based IPT system. *Renewable Energy Sytems*
57.2.32	W. Jiang, B. Fahimi, "Active Current Sharing and Source Management in Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Power Sys," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 752-761, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Fuel cells (FCs) are being considered as a potential alternative in long term to replace diesel/gasoline combustion engines in vehicles and emergency power sources. However, high cost and slow dynamic response of FC still persist as the main hurdles for wider applications. To remedy this problem, an energy storage system with adequate power capacity has to be incorporated. This paper presents a novel control design for FC�Cbattery hybrid power system which enables both active current sharing and power source management control in such hybrid systems. Different hybrid power system structures are investigated and evaluated; dual-converter structure and four modes of operation are defined to provide efficient and sustainable solution to such a hybrid power system. A novel integrated control system with inherent current sharing and generation mode swapping capability is proposed; based on system component status, the control system is able to regulate the output power from each source under different scenarios. The dedicated control system is implemented in a TMS320F2812 DSP, and experimental results for an FC�Cbattery-based uninterruptible power supply are provided to demonstrate the static and dynamic performance of the control system. *Robotics and Mechatronics*
57.2.33	M. Y. Ibrahim, I. J. Spark, A. Percy, "New Control Concept for a Gantry Tractor Comprising a “Chorus Line” of Synchronized Modu," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 762-768, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new method of automatically maneuvering a gantry tractor through right-angle turns, U-turns, and narrow gates is described in this paper. In order to maximize traction and maneuverability, both the wheel-angle steering effect and the drive-wheel-speed steering effect are integrated. This technique produces identical and cooperative redundant steering systems. The necessary wheel angles and drive wheel speed have been simulated. The advantage of cooperative redundancy is that when any steering system begins to fail, it is reinforced by the other steering system.
57.2.34	R. A. Gupta, A. A. Masoud, M.-Y. Chow, "A Delay-Tolerant Potential-Field-Based Network Implementation of an Integrated Navigation Sys," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 769-783, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Network controllers (NCs) are devices that are capable of converting dynamic, spatially extended, and functionally specialized modules into a taskable goal-oriented group called networked control system. This paper examines the practical aspects of designing and building an NC that uses the Internet as a communication medium. It focuses on finding compatible controller components that can be integrated via a host structure in a manner that makes it possible to network, in real-time, a webcam, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), and a remote computer server along with the necessary operator software interface. The aim is to deskill the UGV navigation process and yet maintain a robust performance. The structure of the suggested controller, its components, and the manner in which they are interfaced are described. Thorough experimental results along with performance assessment and comparisons to a previously implemented NC are provided. *Control and Signal Processing*
57.2.35	C. Y. Lai, F. L. Lewis, V. Venkataramanan, X. Ren, S. S. Ge, T. Liew, "Disturbance and Friction Compensations in Hard Disk Drives Using Neural Netwo," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 784-792, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, we show that by using two adaptive neural networks (NNs), each of which is tailored for a specific task, the tracking performance of the hard-disk-drive (HDD) actuator can be significantly improved. The first NN utilizes accelerometer signal to detect external vibrations and compensates for its effect on HDD position via feedforward action. The second NN is designed to compensate for pivot friction. The appealing advantage of the NN compensators is that the design does not involve any information on the plant, sensor, disturbance dynamics, and friction model. The stability of the proposed scheme is analyzed by the Lyapunov criterion. Experimental results show that the tracking performance of the HDDs can be improved significantly with the use of the NN compensators as compared to the case without compensation. *Embedded Systems*
57.2.36	X. Li, W. Qiu, D. Zheng, K. Chen, J. Li, "Anonymity Enhancement on Robust and Efficient Password-Authenticated Key Agreement Using Smart Ca," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 793-800, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: By exploiting a smart card, this paper presents a robust and efficient password-authenticated key agreement scheme. This paper strengthens the security of the scheme by addressing untraceability property such that any third party over the communication channel cannot tell whether or not he has seen the same (unknown) smart card twice through the authentication sessions. The proposed remedy also prevents a kind of denial of service attack found in the original scheme. High performance and other good functionalities are preserved. Letters
57.2.37	H. Do, "Energy-Recovery Sustain Driver With Low Circulating Curr," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 801-804, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An energy-recovery sustain driver with low circulating current for a plasma display panel (PDP) is proposed. The energy stored in the external resonant inductors during the reverse-recovery periods of the diodes in the sustain driver is transferred to the input voltage source and the energy-recovery capacitors. The proposed sustain driver can reduce the circulating current and relieve the thermal problems of the main sustain switches. Experimental results obtained on a 42-in high-definition PDP with a resolution of 1024 $times$ 768 are discussed.
57.2.38	Z. Zhou, Y. Du, C. Belcher, "Corrections to “Transforming Traditional Iris Recognition Systems to Work in Nonideal Situations&rdq," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 805-805, Feb 2010. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available