IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 55, Number 6, June 2008 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

Special Section Papers

55.6.1	"Table of Contents," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. C1-2234, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.2	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics publication information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. C2-C2, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.3	A. Emadi, K. Rajashekara, "Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2235-2236, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The nine papers in this special section present a comprehensive system review of electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
55.6.4	A. Emadi, Young Joo Lee, K. Rajashekara, "Power Electronics and Motor Drives in Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2237-2245, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: With the requirements for reducing emissions and improving fuel economy, automotive companies are developing electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Power electronics is an enabling technology for the development of these environmentally friendlier vehicles and implementing the advanced electrical architectures to meet the demands for increased electric loads. In this paper, a brief review of the current trends and future vehicle strategies and the function of power electronic subsystems are described. The requirements of power electronic components and electric motor drives for the successful development of these vehicles are also presented.
55.6.5	K.T. Chau, C.C. Chan, Chunhua Liu, "Overview of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2246-2257, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: With ever-increasing concerns on our environment, there is a fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs) from automakers, governments, and customers. As electric drives are the core of both EVs and HEVs, it is a pressing need for researchers to develop advanced electric-drive systems. In this paper, an overview of permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives for EVs and HEVs is presented, with emphasis on machine topologies, drive operations, and control strategies. Then, three major research directions of the PM BL drive systems are elaborated, namely, the magnetic-geared outer-rotor PM BL drive system, the PM BL integrated starter-generator system, and the PM BL electric variable-transmission system.
55.6.6	S.M. Lukic, Jian Cao, R.C. Bansal, F. Rodriguez, A. Emadi, "Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2258-2267, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The fuel efficiency and performance of novel vehicles with electric propulsion capability are largely limited by the performance of the energy storage system (ESS). This paper reviews state-of-the-art ESSs in automotive applications. Battery technology options are considered in detail, with emphasis on methods of battery monitoring, managing, protecting, and balancing. Furthermore, other ESS candidates such as ultracapacitors, flywheels and fuel cells are also discussed. Finally, hybrid power sources are considered as a method of combining two or more energy storage devices to create a superior power source.
55.6.7	Yali Xiong, Xu Cheng, Z.J. Shen, Chunting Mi, Hongjie Wu, V.K. Garg, "Prognostic and Warning System for Power-Electronic Modules in Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel-Cell Vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2268-2276, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Reliability of power-electronic modules is of paramount importance for the commercial success of various types of electric vehicles. In this paper, we study the technical feasibility of detecting and utilizing early symptoms and warning signs of power-module degradation due to thermomechanical stress and fatigue and develop a prognostic system that can monitor the state of health of the power modules in electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles. A special degradation trace on the V_CEsat of the insulated-gate bipolar-transistor modules was observed by a power-cycling accelerated test, which was not reported in literatures. A prognostic system based on utilizing the aforementioned trace is then developed. The system consists of the hardware architecture and current adaptive-algorithm-based software architecture. In addition, this prognostic system hardly increases the hardware cost on existing vehicle-driver system. An extensive simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink verifies the developed prognostic system.
55.6.8	A.C. Baughman, M. Ferdowsi, "Double-Tiered Switched-Capacitor Battery Charge Equalization Technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2277-2285, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The automobile industry is progressing toward hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fully electric vehicles in their future car models. The energy storage unit is one of the most important blocks in the power train of future electric-drive vehicles. Batteries and/or ultracapacitors are the most prominent storage systems utilized so far. Hence, their reliability during the lifetime of the vehicle is of great importance. Charge equalization of series-connected batteries or ultracapacitors is essential due to the capacity imbalances stemming from manufacturing, ensuing driving environment, and operational usage. Double-tiered capacitive charge shuttling technique is introduced and applied to a battery system in order to balance the battery-cell voltages. Parameters in the system are varied, and their effects on the performance of the system are determined. Results are compared to a single-tiered approach. MATLAB simulation shows a substantial improvement in charge transport using the new topology. Experimental results verifying simulation are presented.
55.6.9	A. Haddoun, M. El Hachemi Benbouzid, D. Diallo, R. Abdessemed, J. Ghouili, K. Srairi, "Modeling, Analysis, and Neural Network Control of an EV Electrical Differential," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2286-2294, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents system modeling, analysis, and simulation of an electric vehicle (EV) with two independent rear wheel drives. The traction control system is designed to guarantee the EV dynamics and stability when there are no differential gears. Using two in-wheel electric motors makes it possible to have torque and speed control in each wheel. This control level improves EV stability and safety. The proposed traction control system uses the vehicle speed, which is different from wheel speed characterized by a slip in the driving mode, as an input. In this case, a generalized neural network algorithm is proposed to estimate the vehicle speed. The analysis and simulations lead to the conclusion that the proposed system is feasible. Simulation results on a test vehicle propelled by two 37-kW induction motors showed that the proposed control approach operates satisfactorily.
55.6.10	A. Khaligh, "Realization of Parasitics in Stability of DC–DC Converters Loaded by Constant Power Loads in Advanced Multiconverter Automotive Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2295-2305, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Distributed DC power systems are becoming increasingly common in advanced automotive systems. Constant power load (CPL) behavior of tightly regulated DC-DC converters in multiconverter power systems is equivalent to the dynamic negative impedance, destabilizing the DC bus and, consequently, the system. Various techniques have been developed to control ideal/lossless converters loaded by CPLs. Loss components significantly enhance the stability of the cascaded converters. In this paper, the effects of parasitics in the behavior of DC-DC converters loaded by CPLs are investigated. Furthermore, the stability of power converters loaded by CPLs in parallel to conventional constant voltage loads in the presence of loss components is analyzed. Design criteria are presented for converter operation in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, which gives recommendations on the design of multiconverter DC power systems to avoid negative impedance instability. The proposed stable operation criteria are validated with hardware prototypes and simulation analyses.
55.6.11	N. Mutoh, Y. Takahashi, Y. Tomita, "Failsafe Drive Performance of FRID Electric Vehicles With the Structure Driven by the Front and Rear Wheels Independently," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2306-2315, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Failsafe performance is clarified for electric vehicles (EVs) with the drive structure driven by front and rear wheels independently, i.e., front and rear wheel independent drive type (FRID) EV. A simulator based on the four-wheel vehicle model, which can be applied to various types of drive systems like four in-wheel motor-drive-type EVs, is used for the clarification. Yaw rate and skid angle, which are related to drivability and steerability of vehicles and which further influence the safety of vehicles during runs, are analyzed under the condition that one of the motor drive systems fails while cornering on wet roads. In comparison with the four in-wheel motor-drive-type EVs, it is confirmed that the EVs with the structure focused in this paper have little change of the yaw rate and that hardly any dangerous phenomena appear, which would cause an increase in the skid angle of vehicles even if the front or rear wheel drive systems fail when running on wet roads with low friction coefficient. Moreover, the failsafe drive performance of the FRID EVs with the aforementioned structure is verified through experiments using a prototype EV.
55.6.12	Jin Hur, "Characteristic Analysis of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electrohydraulic Power Steering Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2316-2323, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents design and analysis results of a 2.6-kW interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor developed for an electrohydraulic power steering system. The motor was designed by using the proposed equivalent magnetic circuit model in consideration with a core loss. To analyze motor characteristics by using the equivalent magnetic circuit model, inductance and iron-loss resistance, which are affected critically by magnetic saturation, are obtained by using finite-element analysis. Finally, motor characteristics such as armature current, torque, and efficiency are calculated by the equivalent magnetic circuit model and verified by experimental results.
55.6.13	L. Gomes, S. Bogosyan, "Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2324-2325, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The twelve papers in this special section address the various types of technical issues that are essential for the proper operation of remote laboratories. The papers are summarized here.
55.6.14	A. Mittal, C. Gupta, A. Gupta, "Addressing the Bandwidth Efficiency, Control, and Evaluation Issues in Software Remote Laboratory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2326-2333, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel framework for the remote monitoring and control of course laboratories has been developed. The primary focus is on e-learning courses, where holding various subject-related labs can enhance the practical understanding of the subject material. The aim is to simulate a real-life competitive laboratory environment as closely as possible. The framework provides an instructor-friendly remote monitoring of lab, effective evaluation, and grading methodology. The system also provides a student-friendly remote login, software access, and problem resolution through effective help from the teacher. The framework is built on a bandwidth-efficient client-server model-based backend system written in Java.
55.6.15	J. Prieto-Blazquez, J. Arnedo-Moreno, J. Herrera-Joancomarti, "An Integrated Structure for a Virtual Networking Laboratory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2334-2342, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A virtual laboratory is a virtual space where students are able to carry out practical activities. This paper presents an integrated structure for a virtual laboratory consisting on nine resources divided into pedagogical, human, and technological factors. Such a structure is based on the experience gained in design and development of virtual laboratories during the past 11 years in a virtual university. The proposed structure has been applied to different virtual laboratories, and this paper presents the special case of a virtual networking laboratory (VNLab) where students can access real networking devices. The VNLab structure described in this paper has been used at the Open University of Catalonia for the Cisco Networking Academic since 2001. Its suitability has been evaluated by the students using a Web questionnaire, and its correctness for the industrial electronics field has been analyzed.
55.6.16	Wenshan Hu, Guo-Ping Liu, D. Rees, Yuliang Qiao, "Design and Implementation of Web-Based Control Laboratory for Test Rigs in Geographically Diverse Locations," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2343-2354, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper compares current remote laboratories and describes the design and implementation of the Networked Control System Laboratory (NCSLab) in the University of Glamorgan on http://www/ncslab.net, which provides a unified and flexible Web-based interface to access test rigs located in different countries of the world. All the test rigs are connected and managed together by the NCSLab system. They are well cataloged by their characteristics, and their geographical locations are not necessarily known to the users. A three-layer structure, which consists of the main server, subservers, and test rigs, is adopted to organize the distributed facilities. All the control algorithms for the test rigs are generated by using the Matlab Real-time Workshop. Users can design and implement their own control algorithms for the test rigs. The Web interface is designed using Java JSP/Servlet technology which gives the users great flexibility, including remote tuning, remote monitoring (both data and videos), and remote control logics. In order to manage the massive information and support concurrent access, MySQL database is also integrated into the system.
55.6.17	M.J. Callaghan, J. Harkin, T.M. McGinnity, L.P. Maguire, "Intelligent User Support in Autonomous Remote Experimentation Environments," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2355-2367, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Industrial manufacturing systems and processes-related courses cover subject areas that are as diverse as electrical and product engineering and industrial automation. The proliferation of Web-based distance education courses in this area in recent years poses unique challenges for the teaching of a discipline that traditionally involves a high level of practical work. Increasingly, Web-based distance education courses are on offer, augmented by the provision of remote experimentation laboratories facilitating distant access to campus-based physical resources. The design and implementation of effective and usable remote experimentation facilities is a difficult task, given the inherent complexities of the learning environment and the constraints imposed by a Web-based delivery medium. Developments in recent years have addressed many of these issues as this constant innovation has necessitated educational institutions and other training providers to continually reassess the content and delivery of engineering curricula in the context of this developing field. However, autonomous learning environments, by their very nature, offer minimal educator assistance, and from a student's perspective, it is inevitable that, at some stage of the experimental process, context-specific help will be required. This paper seeks to address this issue in relation to the practical aspect of Web-based engineering-related courses and presents an intelligent help system to support students in the practical use of autonomous learning environments for remote experimentation.
55.6.18	C. Lazar, S. Carari, "A Remote-Control Engineering Laboratory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2368-2375, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a networked control-system laboratory for the remote control of processes is presented. The laboratory allows the students to develop network-based control systems with the use of an architecture consisting of I/O devices, communication modules, and server-client applications implemented with supervisory control and data acquisition environment facilities, and to operate on real pilot plants through an intranet and the Internet. Three examples were presented, demonstrating the potentiality of the laboratory to remotely control the processes and to develop new network-based control-system structures.
55.6.19	A. Leva, F. Donida, "Multifunctional Remote Laboratory for Education in Automatic Control: The CrAutoLab Experience," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2376-2385, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes the experience gathered in the last years due to the creation and development of an automatic control laboratory suitable for remote use via the Web. First, the principles that guide the laboratory design and evolution are stated and motivated. Then, an overview of the laboratory is given, describing its architecture and the most important technological solutions adopted. The available experiments are described, and some pedagogical considerations are reported. Finally, some general ideas are presented that reflect the authors' experience and opinion on the use of remote laboratories in control education.
55.6.20	Min Wu, Jin-Hua She, Gui-Xiu Zeng, Y. Ohyama, "Internet-Based Teaching and Experiment System for Control Engineering Course," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2386-2396, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: e-Learning engineering courses with online experiments are attracting a great deal of attention because of the flexibility they provide in both teaching and learning. This paper has described an Internet-based teaching and experiment system for control engineering (ITESCE) that provides students with online course material, a simulator, an online control experiment using an arm robot, and the ability to store and search simulation and experimental results. To implement the functions required by the course and to facilitate connection to the Internet, the ITESCE is based on a standard browser/server architecture with three layers and employs multithreading, Java applets, and Java database connectivity. Background control subsystems handle the real-time control of experiments, and a network server handles communication with clients and with background control subsystems. A database stores simulation and experimental results. The course covers a variety of control methods, and students can try them out through online simulations and experiments. To enhance realism, a Web camera takes a video of an experiment and streams it to a student's PC in real time.
55.6.21	L. Costas-Perez, D. Lago, J. Farina, J.J. Rodriguez-Andina, "Optimization of an Industrial Sensor and Data Acquisition Laboratory Through Time Sharing and Remote Access," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2397-2404, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents an educational laboratory that has been implemented for the practical education in sensors, data acquisition, and basic control skills. The use of the laboratory has been optimized by the availability of a remote access infrastructure that allows the definition and booking of time slots related to the laboratory sites. Given the many kinds of existing sensors, conditioning circuits, and actuators, setting up an educational framework is a complex (and expensive) task, even if only the main design alternatives are taken into account. An additional and fundamental issue to be considered for the optimization of any educational resource or teaching/learning methodology is the possibility to adapt it to the capabilities of different profiles, i.e., students enrolled in different courses. The proposed solution has been designed to be used by both nonexperienced students, who act as plain users testing predefined experiments, and advanced ones, who can demonstrate the design skills they have learnt, by developing their own applications and conditioning circuits. Accordingly, the remote access infrastructure allows different kinds of users to be defined, whose capabilities, restrictions, and software requirements depend on their level of knowledge.
55.6.22	W.A. Pleskacz, V. Stopjakova, T. Borejko, A. Jutman, A. Wakanis, "DefSim: A Remote Laboratory for Studying Physical Defects in CMOS Digital Circuits," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2405-2415, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes a unique remote laboratory for studying CMOS physical defects that is meant to be used in advanced courses in the scope of microelectronic design and test. Both the measurement equipment and the remote access mechanism were custom developed in the frame of the European Union project REASON. The core of the equipment is an educational chip that contains different manufacturing defects physically implemented into standard digital cells and small logic circuits on the layout level. The chip is supplied with a dedicated plug-and-play measurement box, which provides an interface between the chip and the training software. This measurement kit offers a glimpse into the silicon reality, revealing behavior of the most common defects and their influence on the circuits' operations. Students can choose between approximately 500 different defects, which can be classified into different groups by studying their properties, and find differences or similarities. The remote server-based version of the laboratory is accessible over the Internet, thereby supporting distance learning and e-learning modes of training. A personal version of the training software is also available.
55.6.23	Shun-Chung Wang, Yi-Hwa Liu, "Software-Reconfigurable e-Learning Platform for Power Electronics Courses," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2416-2424, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An effective course in power electronics should ideally contain hands-on design and experimental work as well as theory explanation and simulations. In this paper, a software- reconfigurable e-learning platform for power electronics courses is proposed. The aim of the proposed system is to realize a platform capable of constructing a wide range of circuit topologies and control techniques, thus enabling students to gain a better understanding of power electronics converters through practical experiments. The proposed platform consists of a reconfigurable power electronics testbed, a Web-based distance laboratory, and a user interactive e-learning platform. The reconfigurable power electronics testbed can be configured by the students via a Web- based interface to construct a wide variety of converters and inverters. The Internet accessible distance laboratory system permits the instructors and students to remotely conduct experiments over the Internet. The integrated interactive multimedia material can support the educational environment of power electronics courses and can be executed on any modern personal computer (PC) without additional hardware. The advantages of the proposed platform include flexibility, friendly user interface, allow for distance waveform measurements, and removal of laboratory time and space constraints. The positive response from students indicates that the proposed platform is extremely useful for power electronics courses.
55.6.24	R. Marques, J. Rocha, S. Rafael, J.F. Martins, "Design and Implementation of a Reconfigurable Remote Laboratory, Using Oscilloscope/PLC Network for WWW Access," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2425-2432, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present a remote laboratory in the context of power electronics education. New technologies and developments are compelling educators to deeply reflect on the traditional means of teaching. Modern curricula require new ways of conception and implementation of innovative pedagogical approaches. Often, these new pedagogical approaches require novel technological realizations. Although e-learning facilities are increasingly being used in engineering education, often, they are based on simulations and/or emulations of virtual laboratories. This paper presents a remote laboratory facility that allows the students to conduct real power electronics reconfigurable experiments through the Internet, promoting a more efficient learning through online industrial automation operation using the Internet and WWW services.
55.6.25	V.F. Pires, L. Sousa Martins, T.G. Amaral, R. Marcal, R. Rodrigues, M.M. Crissstomo, "Distance-Learning Power-System Protection Based on Testing Protective Relays," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2433-2438, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The study of power system of relays requires some previous experience in this field. Laboratories focusing on teaching and researching the area of power-system protection have therefore been amply reported. However, these facilities require the actual presence of the students in the laboratories. To overcome this problem, a power-system-relaying remote laboratory has been developed. To implement this laboratory, a testing system of the relay operating characteristic, together with Matlab-based software, was developed. This remote laboratory enables real power-system-relaying experiments through the Internet. In fact, the user can remotely test a real relay disoperation. This system will therefore allow proficient analysis of sensitivities to relay settings and network configurations. Single-Phase Electronics
55.6.26	S. Buonomo, S. Musumeci, R. Pagano, C. Porto, A. Raciti, R. Scollo, "Driving a New Monolithic Cascode Device in a DC–DC Converter Application," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2439-2449, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a case study application of a new device, which is based on a bipolar-MOSFET cascode connection, is presented. The monolithic device can be designed for high-voltage applications up to 1.7-2.2 kV. The basic features of this power device are described in terms of the physical structure and the electrical performance. An application in the field of dc-dc converters is presented, and the drive unit requirements are investigated and discussed through several circuit topologies that are devoted to energizing the four-terminal device. The advantages and the drawbacks of the device are compared with those of a MOSFET in terms of the switching losses and the command circuitry. The correlation between the physical structure of the cascode and its electrical characteristics is explained to better understand some interesting features of the device. Last, the new device is tested by using a forward converter as a workbench to provide converter designers with useful guidelines concerning the switching behavior and the power losses.
55.6.27	Woo-Jin Lee, Chong-Eun Kim, Gun-Woo Moon, Sang-Kyoo Han, "A New Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converter With Voltage-Doubler-Type Rectifier for High-Efficiency PDP Sustaining Power Module," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2450-2458, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new phase-shifted full-bridge converter with a voltage-doubler-type rectifier for a high-efficiency power-sustaining module of a plasma display panel is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter employs a voltage-doubler rectifier without an output inductor. Since it does not have an output inductor, the voltage stresses of the rectifier diodes can be clamped at the output voltage level. Thus, since no dissipative resistor-capacitor snubber for rectifier diodes is needed, high-efficiency low-noise output voltage can be realized. Due to the elimination of the large output inductor, it features simpler structure, lower cost, smaller mass, and lighter weight. Furthermore, the proposed converter has wide zero-voltage-switching ranges of lagging leg switches with low current stresses of the primary power switches by using the magnetizing current. In addition, the resonance between the leakage inductor of the transformer and the rectifier capacitors can reduce the current stresses of the rectifier diodes and conduction losses. In this paper, the operational principles, analysis, design considerations, and experimental results are presented. Multiphase Systems
55.6.28	D.V. Ghodke, K. Chatterjee, B.G. Fernandes, "Modified One-Cycle Controlled Bidirectional High-Power-Factor AC-to-DC Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2459-2472, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: AC-to-DC converters based on one-cycle control exhibit instability in current control at light load conditions as well as when they are operating in the inverting mode. In this paper, a modified one-cycle controller for bidirectional AC-to-DC converter is proposed. A fictitious current component in phase with the utility voltage is synthesized. The sum of this current component and the actual load current is compared with the sawtooth waveform to generate the gating pulses for the switches. This modification not only renders stability to the converter at light load conditions and the inverting mode of operations but also enables the converter to seamlessly transfer its operation from the rectifying mode to the inverting mode and vice versa. Detailed simulation studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. To validate the viability of the scheme, detailed experimental studies are carried out on a 2-kW laboratory prototype.
55.6.29	Jun Wen, K. Ma Smedley, "Hexagram Inverter for Medium-Voltage Six-Phase Variable-Speed Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2473-2481, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new multilevel inverter - hexagram inverter is proposed for medium-voltage (MV) variable-speed-drive (VSD) applications, which is composed of six standard two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) modules interconnected through the inductors. With six AC terminals, it can be used for both three- and six-phase drives. This paper studies its six-phase applications. Compared to a same output power and voltage VSI, the proposed inverter has the current stress reduced to half and voltage stress reduced to one-third; whereas compared to a same output power and current VSI, the voltage stress is reduced to one-sixth. The other advantages of the new inverter include a modular structure resulting in easy construction and maintenance, no voltage unbalance problem, easy control with well-developed VSI control techniques, automatic and equal current and power sharing among the modules, and fewer components and lower dc energy storage requirements compared to the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter. These eminent features make it a strong candidate for MV VSD applications. Renewable Energy Systems
55.6.30	Liang-Rui Chen, Jin-Jia Chen, Neng-Yi Chu, Gia-Yo Han, "Current-Pumped Battery Charger," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2482-2488, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel current-pumped battery charger (CPBC) is proposed in this paper to increase the Li-ion battery charging performance. A complete charging process, consisting of three subprocesses, namely: 1) the bulk current charging process; 2) the pulsed current charging process; and 3) the pulsed float charging process, can be automatically implemented by using the inherent characteristics of current-pumped phase-locked loop (CPLL). A design example for a 700-mA ldr h Li-ion battery is built to assess the CPBC's performance. In comparison with the conventional phase-locked battery charger, the battery available capacity and charging efficiency of the proposed CPBC are improved by about 6.9% and 1.5%, respectively. The results of the experiment show that a CPLL is really suitable for carrying out a Li-ion battery pulse charger.
55.6.31	F. Rachidi, M. Rubinstein, J. Montanya, J.-L. Bermudez, R. Rodriguez Sola, G. Sola, N. Korovkin, "A Review of Current Issues in Lightning Protection of New-Generation Wind-Turbine Blades," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2489-2496, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The salient issues related to lightning protection of long wind-turbine blades are discussed in this paper. We show that the lightning protection of modern wind turbines presents a number of new challenges due to the geometrical, electrical, and mechanical particularities of the turbines. The risk assessment for the lightning-protection-system design is solely based today on downward flashes. We show in this paper that the majority of the strikes to modern turbines are expected to be upward lightning. Neglecting upward flashes, as implicitly done by the International Electrotechnical Commission, might result in an important underestimation of the actual number of strikes to a tall wind turbine. In addition, we show that the rotation of the blades may have a considerable influence on the number of strikes to modern wind turbines as these may be triggering their own lightning. Because wind turbines are tall structures, the lightning currents that are injected by return strokes into the turbines will be affected by reflections at the top, bottom, and junction of the blades with the static base of the turbine. This is of capital importance when calculating the protection of internal circuitry that may be affected by magnetically induced electromotive forces that depend directly on the characteristics of the current in the turbine. The presence of carbon-reinforced plastics (CRP) in the blades introduces a new set of problems to be dealt with in the design of the turbines' lightning protection system. One problem is the mechanical stress resulting from the energy dissipation in CRP laminates due to the circulation of eddy currents. We evaluate in this paper the dissipated energy and propose recommendations as to the number of down conductors and their orientation with respect to the CRP laminates so that the dissipated energy is minimized. It is also emphasized that the high static fields under thunderclouds might have an influence on the moving carbon-fiber parts. This- issue needs to be addressed by lightning protection researchers and engineers. Representative full-scale blade tests are still complex because lightning currents from an impulse current generator are conditioned to the electrical characteristics of the element under test and return paths. It is therefore desirable to complement laboratory tests with theoretical and computer modeling for the estimation of fields, currents, and voltages within the blades.
55.6.32	V.T. Somasekhar, S. Srinivas, K.K. Kumar, "Effect of Zero-Vector Placement in a Dual-Inverter Fed Open-End Winding Induction-Motor Drive With a Decoupled Space-Vector PWM Strategy," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2497-2505, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An open-end winding induction-motor drive with two two-level inverters achieves three-level inversion. The drawback of this configuration is the presence of a high zero-sequence current, stressing the semiconductor switching devices and the motor. To avoid this, two isolated dc power supplies are needed to feed individual inverters. In this paper, it is shown that it is possible to operate this drive with a single dc power supply, with reasonable engineering compromises. The new decoupled space-vector-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategy proposed in this paper achieves this objective. This PWM strategy exploits the dependence of the zero-sequence voltage on the placement of the zero-vector of individual inverters. It is shown that the zero-sequence voltage of the dual-inverter system is suppressed by forcing the zero-sequence voltage of the individual inverters to a value of zero, in the average sense, in each sampling-time interval. This strategy, therefore, achieves a dynamic balancing of the zero-sequence current. It is also shown that this PWM scheme achieves the center spacing of effective-time period for the dual-inverter drive and its associated advantages. In addition, the effect of the placement of the zero-vector for individual inverters on the dual-inverter drive is investigated, and the experimental results are presented. Robotics and Mechatronics
55.6.33	Soonkyum Kim, F.C. Park, "Fast Robot Motion Generation Using Principal Components: Framework and Algorithms," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2506-2516, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: We present a principal component-based method for generating, in real time, fast robot motions that minimize power consumption. Given a dynamic model of a robot, a sufficiently large set of torque-minimum motions are first obtained for preselected initial and final positions that also achieve minimum time while avoiding actuator saturation. These motions are then clustered according to the trajectory endpoints and shape. A principal component analysis is performed for each motion cluster, and the dominant principal components are used as basis functions in a linear interpolation scheme for generating fast, torque-efficient motions between arbitrary initial and final positions. Results obtained for both a six-axis industrial manipulator and a wheeled mobile robot demonstrate that nearly optimal motions can be obtained in real-time using this scheme.
55.6.34	J. Miyata, Y. Kaida, T. Murakami, "$v$–$mathdot{phi}$-Coordinate-Based Power-Assist Control of Electric Wheelchair for a Caregiver," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2517-2524, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes the power-assist control of an electric wheelchair according to the motion mode of a caregiver. In past research work, with respect to the power-assist motion of a wheelchair, the controllers for wheelchair operators have been considered. However, caregivers are aging as well as the cared people due to the growing proportion of elderly people. This means that the power-assist control for caregivers will be strongly required in the near future. To address this issue, this paper proposes a force sensorless power-assist control for the caregiver. To detect the caregiver's input, the estimation observer of reactive acceleration is constructed in the nu-Phi coordinate. Then, the motion of the wheelchair is classified into straight or cornering modes by the rotational velocity calculated from the Phi component of reactive acceleration. Furthermore, the power-assist motion control is realized on each mode by using the translational velocity calculated from the nu component of reactive acceleration. This reactive-acceleration-based power-assist control in the nu-Phi coordinate is a novel approach in wheelchair controls. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to show the validity of the proposed method. Drive Control
55.6.35	Sung-Yeol Kim, In-Joong Ha, "A New Observer Design Method for HF Signal Injection Sensorless Control of IPMSMs," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2525-2529, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: We present a systematic approach to the design of an observer for rotor position and velocity of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors without rotational transducers, in which the effects of both motor and filter dynamics are taken into full account. The proposed observer can be incorporated directly into the well-known high-frequency voltage injection methods.
55.6.36	C. Sreekumar, V. Agarwal, "A Hybrid Control Algorithm for Voltage Regulation in DC–DC Boost Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2530-2538, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new switching control algorithm based on state trajectory approximation is proposed to regulate the output voltage of a representative second-order DC-DC converter - the boost converter. The essence of the proposed algorithm is to trap the system into a stable limit cycle while ensuring the required voltage regulation. Unlike some of the earlier algorithms, the concept is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous current modes of operation, making it viable over a wide operating range under various load and line disturbances. A hybrid-automaton representation of the converter is used to perform the analysis, and the control problem is simplified to a guard-selection problem. Guard conditions, governing the transition of the converter operation from one discrete state to the other in a hybrid-automaton representation, are derived. The hybrid-automaton-based control system is implemented by using the state flow chart feature of MATLAB, and extensive simulations are carried out to check the suitability of the algorithm. The hybrid control law is also validated in real time by using a laboratory prototype. The experimental and simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control law under varying line and load conditions. Signal Processing and Control
55.6.37	B. Akin, U. Orguner, H.A. Toliyat, M. Rayner, "Phase-Sensitive Detection of Motor Fault Signatures in the Presence of Noise," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2539-2550, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a digital signal processor-based phase-sensitive motor fault signature detection technique is presented. The implemented method has a powerful line current noise suppression capability while detecting the fault signatures. Because the line current of inverter-driven motors involve low-order harmonics, high-frequency switching disturbances, and the noise generated by harsh industrial environment, the real-time fault analyses yield erroneous or fluctuating fault signatures. This situation becomes a significant problem when the signal-to-noise ratio of the fault signature is quite low. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the proposed method can determine the normalized magnitude and phase information of the fault signatures even in the presence of noise, where the noise amplitude is several times higher than the signal itself. Since it has low computational burden, the developed algorithm is embedded to the motor control program without degrading drive performance. Therefore, it is implemented without any additional cost using readily available drive processor and current sensors. Emerging Technology
55.6.38	Wen-Shenq Juang, Sian-Teng Chen, Horng-Twu Liaw, "Robust and Efficient Password-Authenticated Key Agreement Using Smart Cards," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2551-2556, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: User authentication and key agreement is an important security primitive for creating a securely distributed information system. Additionally, user authentication and key agreement is very useful for providing identity privacy to users. In this paper, we propose a robust and efficient user authentication and key agreement scheme using smart cards. The main merits include the following: 1) the computation and communication cost is very low; 2) there is no need for any password or verification table in the server; 3) a user can freely choose and change his own password; 4) it is a nonce-based scheme that does not have a serious time-synchronization problem; 5) servers and users can authenticate each other; 6) the server can revoke a lost card and issue a new card for a user without changing his identity; 7) the privacy of users can be protected; 8) it generates a session key agreed upon by the user and the server; and 9) it can prevent the offline dictionary attack even if the secret information stored in a smart card is compromised. Letters to the Editor
55.6.39	Sung-Sae Lee, Gun-Woo Moon, "Full ZVS-Range Transient Current Buildup Half-Bridge Converter With Different ZVS Operations to Load Variation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2557-2559, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A full zero voltage switching (ZVS) range transient current buildup half-bridge converter is proposed. The proposed converter controls the secondary synchronous switches to build up the current for the ZVS operation. In addition, the blocking capacitor in the secondary side of the transformer is used to make the different current buildups and different ZVS operations with the load variation. Furthermore, it eliminates the DC offset of the magnetizing current. Therefore, the considerably effective ZVS characteristics can be ensured in the full-load ranges without any additional conduction losses.
55.6.40	"Call for papers industrial wireless sensors networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2560-2560, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.41	"Call for papers sliding mode control in industrial applications-part II," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2561-2561, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.42	"Call for papers-building automation, control and management," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2562-2562, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.43	"Call for papers-efficient and reliable photovoltaic systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2563-2563, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.44	"The IEEE Digital Library," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2564-2564, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.45	"IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. C3-C3, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.6.46	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics information for authors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. C4-C4, June 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available